![]() ![]() It is of two types- the superior vena cava (brings blood from the upper body parts) and the inferior vena cava (collects blood from the lower body parts). It is the blood plasma without the clotting factors.īlood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissue sites.īlood vessels that carry the deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart. Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid that holds the cells of the blood. It is the respiratory pigment present in the RBC, giving it the characteristics red color, help in the transport of oxygen in the body. The alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The energy is stored in the phosphate bonds.īreakdown of one of the terminal phosphate bond leads to the release of 30.5 KJ/mol of energy. The process of formation of pyruvate from glucose in the cytoplasm through a series of reaction involving several enzymes. In muscles, lack of oxygen during intense exercise leads to lactate fermentation which ends up with lactic acid and some amount of energy as the product. Process by which food materials are oxidized in cells to release energy.įermentation is an anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose. They are richly supplied with blood vessels that can take the absorbed food to each and every cell of the body. ![]() The numerous finger-like projections that are present on the inner side of the small intestine and help in increasing the surface are for the absorption of digested food materials. It helps in emulsification of fat molecules or breaking down of the large fat molecules into smaller fat molecules in the small intestine, making it easier for the enzyme lipase to act on it.Įnzyme released by the intestinal epithelial cells, that acts on the fats and break it down into fatty acids and glycerol. The bile is released into the duodenum by pancreas contains bile pigments (bilirubin and bili-verdin), bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids but no enzymes Proteolytic enzyme released into the small intestine by the pancreas and requires an alkaline medium for its action. Structure that regulates the movement of chyme/partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine. These glands release mucus, HCl, and pepsinogen.Įnzyme released in the stomach that requires an acidic condition for its action on proteins. These are glands located in various portions of the stomach. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the esophagus/food pipe while the bolus/chewed food is moving from the mouth to the stomach.Īlso known as food pipe, that connects the mouth and stomach. These are temporary finger-like projections of the cell surface seen in an organism like Amoeba to obtain food. ![]() The food is later broken down into simple molecules inside the body of the organism. In this kind of nutrition, the organism feed exclusively on solid organic materials. The organism secret certain enzymes to digest the decaying organic matter into simpler products and later absorb them. Mode of nutrition where the organism obtains its nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter. It refers to the mode of nutrition where the organism obtains its nutrition from living plants or animals without killing them. ![]() These are kidney-shaped cells that make up the stomatal aperture. Structures in plants that help in the process of exchange of gases and transpiration. Green color plastids that contain the chlorophyll pigments. It refers to the process of synthesis of food by autotrophic organisms by utilizing carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll that absorbs the sunlight. These are storage form of glucose in animals. These are storage form of glucose in plants. They are located inside the thylakoid of the chloroplast. Pigments found in green plants essential for the process of photosynthesis. These are the biological catalyst that speed up various biochemical reactions.īiological molecule made up of sugar or glucose, required for the production of energy. Organisms that cannot prepare its own food and depends upon other for its nutritional requirements. Organisms who can synthesize their own organic food from simple inorganic sources. Process of taking in and utilizing various types of foods by organisms, for obtaining energy necessary for growth and development. ![]()
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